Square nuts are typically manufactured according to two main metric standards which define their thickness:
DIN 557 (Standard/Chamfered): These are the "standard" thickness nuts. They often have a chamfered (rounded) top face to remove sharp edges and improve aesthetics, while the bottom remains flat for maximum surface contact.
DIN 562 (Thin/Flat): These are lower-profile "jam nuts" (roughly 2/3 the thickness of a standard nut). They are ideal for tight spaces or as secondary locking nuts.
Common Steel Grades & Finishes
Carbon Steel (Class 5 or 6): The most common for general construction.
Finish: Usually Bright Zinc Plated (BZP) for basic indoor/outdoor rust protection.
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